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1.
O.F.I.L ; 32(1)enero 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-205734

RESUMO

Introducción: El estado de alarma decretado por la pandemia del virus SARS COV-2 del 14 de marzo hasta el 21 de junio, ha supuesto un desafío para el área de pacientes externos de los Servicios de Farmacia. Nos centramos en los pacientes con hemofilia que se administran factores de la coagulación de forma crónica para prevenir hemorragias.Objetivos: Analizar durante este periodo el porcentaje de pacientes que han recogido su medicación, han mantenido la adherencia al tratamiento y las barreras encontradas para ello. Cuantificar el número y gravedad de episodios hemorrágicos (EH) sufridos y su relación con la pandemia. Analizar la prevalencia y gravedad de COVID en hemofílicos.Métodos: Uno objetivo, utilizando los registros del hospital y otro subjetivo, mediante encuesta oral durante la consulta de atención farmacéutica presencial o telemática.Resultados: El 80% de los pacientes retiraron medicación durante el periodo de estudio, un 30% en domicilio. El último mes las dispensaciones a domicilio se acompañaron de consulta telemática.Un 24% de pacientes disminuyó su adherencia respecto al 2019. Las principales causas fueron dificultad para acudir al hospital, y percepción de no necesitar tratamiento ante la inactividad.No se registraron más EH o ingresos por causas imputables a la pandemia.No hubo ningún enfermo COVID-19 grave y la incidencia de pacientes con síntomas leves fue similar a la población general.Conclusión: La mayoría de los pacientes con hemofilia pudieron acceder a su medicación. La adherencia se redujo. Los EH no aumentaron por causas atribuibles a la pandemia. La incidencia de COVID-19 fue similar a la población. (AU)


Introduction: The state of alarm decreed by the SARS COV-2 virus pandemic from March 14th to June 21st, has meant a challenge for the outpatient area of the pharmacy services. We focus on hemophilia patients who are chronically administered clotting factors to prevent bleeding.Objectives: To analyse during this period the percentage of patients who have collected their medication, maintained adherence to treatment and the barriers encountered in doing so. To quantify the number and severity of haemorrhagic episodes (HD) suffered and their relationship with the pandemic. Analyse the prevalence and severity of COVID in haemophiliacs.Methods: One objective, using hospital records, and one subjective, using an oral survey during the face-to-face or telematic pharmaceutical care consultation.Results: 80% of patients withdrew medication during the study period, 30% at home. In the last month, home deliveries were accompanied by telematic consultation.24% of patients decreased their adherence with respect to 2019. The main causes were difficulty in going to hospital, and perception of not needing treatment in the face of inactivity.There were no more HD or admissions for reasons attributable to the pandemic.There were no serious COVID-19 patients and the incidence of patients with mild symptoms was similar to the general population.Conclusion: Most haemophilia patients were able to access their medication. Adherence was reduced. HD did not increase due to causes attributable to the pandemic. The incidence of COVID-19 was similar to the population. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Coronavirus , Hemofilia A , Pandemias , Terapêutica , Pacientes , Espanha
2.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 26(2): 105-110, ene.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115667

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: La adherencia al tratamiento es uno de los pilares para lograr el control de cualquier enfermedad, y esto aplica también en la artritis reumatoide. Existen diferentes formas de evaluar el grado de adherencia, siendo las escalas de medición uno de los métodos más usados por su facilidad en aplicación y bajo costo. El objetivo de este estudio fue traducir y validar el Compliance Questionnaire on Rheumatology (CQR) al español y calibrar los puntajes de acuerdo con la actividad de la enfermedad medida mediante DAS-28. Materiales y métodos: En la primera fase del estudio se llevó a cabo el proceso de traducción empleando las guías para la traducción y adaptación cultural de medidas centradas en pacientes. Posteriormente se realizó un proceso de aclaración cognoscitiva. Finalmente se llevó a cabo un estudio de pruebas diagnósticas para determinar el mejor punto de corte para el puntaje de la escala CQR en la identificación del nivel de adherencia al tratamiento antirreumático en pacientes con artritis reumatoide, empleando el DAS 28 como subrogado de adherencia. Resultados: Un total de 233 pacientes con edad promedio de 46,3 (± 13,9) años y tiempo promedio de evolución de enfermedad de 11,2 (±9,6) años. El punto de corte del CQR para establecer adherencia al tratamiento fue de 80,7, con lo cual se obtuvo una sensibilidad del 80,2% (IC 95%: 71,9-86,9%) y una especificidad del 72,3% (IC 95%: 63,1-80,4%). Con este punto de corte se estableció que el 43,8% (n = 102) de los pacientes eran adherentes a la terapia antirreumática oral. Conclusión: Se desarrolló una versión en español del CQR y se calibraron los puntos de corte obteniendo una herramienta práctica y de rápida aplicación clínica, con aceptables sensibilidad y especificidad.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Adherence to treatment is one of the pillars to achieve control of any disease and this also applies to rheumatoid arthritis. There are different ways to assess the level of adherence, and measurement scales are one of the methods most used due to their easy application and low cost. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Compliance Questionnaire on Rheumatology (CQR) to Spanish and calibrate the scores according to the activity of the disease measured by the DAS-28. Materials and methods: The translation process was carried out in the first phase of the study using guidelines for translation and cultural adaptation of measures focused on patients. This was followed by cognitive clarification process. Finally, a study of diagnostic tests was carried out to determine the best cut-off point for the score on the CQR scale for identifying the level of adherence to rheumatic therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using the DAS-28 as subrogated adherence. Results: The study included 233 patients, with a mean age of 46.3 (±13.9) years and mean time with the disease of 11.2 (±9.6) years. The CQR cut-off to establish adherence to treatment was 80.7. This achieved a sensitivity of 80.2% (95% CI: 71.9-86.9%) and specificity of 72.3% (95% CI: 63.1-80.4%). With this cut-off point, it was established that there was 43.8% (n = 102) patient adherence to oral rheumatic therapy. Conclusion: CQR Spanish version of the CQR was developed and calibrated obtaining a practical tool, with acceptable sensitivity and specificity.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artrite Reumatoide , Inquéritos e Questionários , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina
3.
J. oral res. (Impresa) ; 8(2): 116-121, abr. 30, 2019. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1145302

RESUMO

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate loose brackets in relation to various related factors in orthodontic patients who had completed orthodontic treatment. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, 738 medical records of patients who had undergone comprehensive orthodontic treatment and matched specific inclusion criteria were selected. Paired t-tests and ANOVA, along with the Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal­Wallis analyses were performed to compare the means of variables between selected subgroups. Results: Loose brackets were found most frequently on premolars, followed by incisors and then canines (p<0.01). Male and young patients were found to have a higher incidence of loose brackets compared to female and adult patients (p=0.044 and p<0.01, respectively). The highest correlation coefficient value was found between treatment duration and total number of loose brackets (0.393), which was statistically significant. Conclusions: The frequency of total number of loose brackets increased with younger age group. Premolar teeth were found to be the most commonly affected teeth, followed by incisors and canines. Mandibular teeth presented more loose brackets than maxillary.


Objetivo: Fue investigar brackets sueltos en relación con varios factores relacionados en pacientes ortodónticos que habían completado el tratamiento de ortodoncia. Material y Métodos: En este estudio retrospectivo, se seleccionaron 738 registros médicos de pacientes que se habían sometido a un tratamiento ortodóntico integral y criterios de inclusión específicos coincidentes. Se realizaron pruebas t pareadas y ANOVA, junto con la prueba de Mann-Whitney y los análisis de Kruskal-Wallis para comparar las medias de las variables entre los subgrupos seleccionados. Resultados: Se encontraron corchetes sueltos con mayor frecuencia en los premolares, seguidos de incisivos y luego caninos (p<0.01). Se encontró que los pacientes masculinos y jóvenes tenían una mayor incidencia de corchetes sueltos en comparación con los pacientes femeninos y adultos (p=0.044 y p<0.01, respectivamente). El valor del coeficiente de correlación más alto se encontró entre la duración del tratamiento y el número total de corchetes sueltos (0.393), que fue estadísticamente significativo. Conclusiones: La frecuencia del número total de corchetes sueltos aumentó con el grupo de edad más joven. Los dientes premolares fueron los dientes más afectados, seguidos de los incisivos y los caninos. Los dientes mandibulares presentan más brackets sueltos que los maxilares.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Braquetes Ortodônticos , Ligadura/instrumentação , Arábia Saudita , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Resultado do Tratamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento
4.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 25(4): 261-270, oct.-dic. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-990958

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivos: Revisar definiciones, factores asociados a adherencia, métodos para medición y determinación de adherencia a medicamentos modificadores de la enfermedad orales en artritis reumatoide. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en las bases de datos de Pubmed hasta diciembre de 2017 mediante términos MeSH (((«Arthritis, Rheumatoid¼ [Mesh] AND «Medication Adherence¼ [Mesh]) OR «Patient Compliance¼ [Mesh]) AND «Antirheumatic Agents¼ [Mesh]) de artículos que estuvieran en idioma espafñol o inglés e incluyeran solo población adulta. Resultados: De un total de 387 artículos encontrados, 43 se incluyeron para la revisión general, con información sobre definiciones de adherencia, cumplimiento, concordancia y persistencia, componentes, clasificación y dimensiones, factores de riesgo relacionados con la no adherencia al tratamiento, descripción de los métodos de medición. Solo 9 artículos midieron adherencia e incluyeron información sobre factores relacionados con adherencia a medicamentos orales en artritis reumatoide. Conclusiones: La adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico en artritis reumatoide es subóptima y se relaciona con menor efectividad en el control de la actividad inflamatoria. Los principales factores relacionados con baja adherencia incluyen problemas de acceso y disponibilidad del medicamento, mayor actividad y duración de la enfermedad, polifarmacia, uso de medicamentos por periodos prolongados, bajo estrato socioeconómico, etnia, reacciones adversas por medicamentos, percepción de inefectividad de la medicación y enfermedades concomitantes. Es necesario incorporar de forma sistemática la medición de adherencia farmacológica dentro de la práctica clínica rutinaria y la identificación de los factores de riesgo más frecuentes asociados a una baja adherencia con el fin de diseñar estrategias encaminadas a mejorar la adherencia de los pacientes y lograr mejores desenlaces clínicos.


ABSTRACT Objectives: To review the definitions, associated factors, as well as the methods for the measurement and determination of adherence to oral disease modifying drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: A search of the literature was carried out in the PUBMED databases up to December 2017 using MeSH terms: ((("Arthritis, Rheumatoid" [Mesh] AND "Medication Adherence" [Mesh]) OR "Patient Compliance" [Mesh]) AND "Antirheumatic Agents" [Mesh]). Only articles that included an adult population and were in Spanish or English were reviewed. Results: From the 387 articles found, 43 were included for general review (definitions of adherence, compliance, concordance and persistence, components, classification and dimensions of adherence, risk factors related to non-adherence, description of direct and indirect methods for measuring adherence). Only 9 articles measured adherence and included information about risk factors related to non-adherence to oral treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusions: The adherence to pharmacological treatment in rheumatoid arthritis is sub-optimal and is associated with less effectiveness in the control of inflammatory activity. The main factors related to low adherence include problems of drug access and availability, increased activity and duration of the disease, polypharmacy, use of medications for prolonged periods, socioeconomic stratum, ethnicity, adverse drug reactions, perception of ineffectiveness of the medication, and concomitant diseases. It is necessary to incorporate the systematic measurement of pharmacological adherence within clinical practice. It is also important to identify the most frequent risk factors associated with low adherence, in order to design strategies aimed at improving patient adherence and achieve better clinical outcomes.


Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide , Doenças Autoimunes , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento , Efetividade , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos
5.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 12(1): 35-42, Mar. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-893301

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: Dental anxiety can be a barrier to following healthy behaviours. Musical distraction is an effective strategy to reduce dental anxiety and improve treatment adherence. The aim was to determine the effect of musical distraction on dental anxiety and treatment adherence in 6-year-old children. Multicenter randomized control trial with 176 children who were allocated into two parallel groups. One group received usual dental care (N 88), and the other was exposed to musical distraction during usual dental care (N 88). The primary outcome was dental anxiety and secondary was oral health status and oral health care behaviours. Both were assessed at baseline, discharged and six-month follow-up. Mid/high dental anxiety was exhibited by 16.1 % of the children. Musical distraction had no effect on dental anxiety levels in the experimental compared with the control group at any of the time points assessed. The size effect was 0.35 and 0.15 (Cliff's Delta) for baseline-discharge and 0.57 and 0.35 for baseline-six month. Only 47.7 % of the sample attended at 6-month follow-up. Dental anxiety is not prevalent in the sample and is not beneficially reduced by musical distraction. The educational actions of the dental care programme are not sufficient to attain permanent long-term changes in oral health behaviour.


RESUMEN: La ansiedad dental puede ser una barrera para seguir conductas saludables. La distracción musical es una estrategia efectiva para reducir la ansiedad dental y mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento. El objetivo fue determinar el efecto de la distracción musical sobre la ansiedad dental y la adherencia al tratamiento en niños de 6 años. Ensayo multicéntrico de control aleatorizado con 176 niños asignados a dos grupos paralelos. Un grupo recibió atención dental habitual (n 88) y el otro estuvo expuesto a distracción musical durante el cuidado dental habitual (N 88). El resultado primario fue la ansiedad dental y secundaria fue el estado de salud oral y las conductas de salud oral. Ambos fueron evaluados al inicio, dados de alta y seguidos durante seis meses. La ansiedad dental media / alta fue exhibida por 16,1 % de los niños. La distracción musical no tuvo ningún efecto sobre los niveles de ansiedad dental en el grupo experimental en comparación con el grupo control en ninguno de los momentos evaluados. El efecto del tamaño fue 0,35 y 0,15 (Cliff's Delta) para el inicio y el alta y 0,57 y 0,35 para el inicio y los seis meses de seguimiento. Solo el 47,7 % de la muestra asistió a los 6 meses de seguimiento. La ansiedad dental no prevalece en la muestra y no se ve beneficiada por la distracción musical. Las acciones educativas del programa de atención dental no son suficientes para lograr cambios permanentes a largo plazo en el comportamiento de salud oral.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Ansiedade ao Tratamento Odontológico , Musicoterapia , Design de Software , Cooperação do Paciente , Assistência Odontológica para Crianças , Escala de Ansiedade Manifesta
6.
Trop Med Int Health ; 21(9): 1191-6, 2016 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27456068

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Buruli ulcer (BU) is a tropical skin disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans, which is currently treated with 8 weeks of streptomycin and rifampicin. The evidence to treat BU for a duration of 8 weeks is limited; a recent retrospective study from Australia suggested that a shorter course of antimicrobial therapy might be equally effective. We studied the outcomes of BU in a cohort of Ghanaian patients who defaulted from treatment and as such received less than 8 weeks of antimicrobial therapy. METHODS: A number of days of antimicrobial therapy and patient and lesion characteristics were recorded from charts from a cohort of BU patients treated at Nkawie-Toase hospital between 2008 and 2012. Patients who defaulted from treatment were retrieved, and lesion characteristics and functional limitations were recorded. RESULTS: About 54% of patients defaulted from therapy or wound care. Forty-seven defaulters with follow-up completed had received <56 days of antibiotics. 84% of these patients healed after 32 days or less of antibiotics. There appeared to be an increased rate of healing in smaller lesions; 94% of WHO category I lesions had healed after 32 days or less of antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Although numbers were small, and a potential for bias exists, our findings suggest that a reduction in the duration of antimicrobial therapy in BU in small, early lesions is feasible. These findings can serve as a basis for future well-designed studies.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Úlcera de Buruli/tratamento farmacológico , Adesão à Medicação , Rifampina/administração & dosagem , Estreptomicina/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Úlcera de Buruli/microbiologia , Úlcera de Buruli/patologia , Estudos de Coortes , Esquema de Medicação , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Gana , Hospitais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mycobacterium ulcerans , Rifampina/uso terapêutico , Estreptomicina/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Cicatrização , Adulto Jovem
7.
Actas Dermosifiliogr ; 105(5): 487-96, 2014 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24630429

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To analyze the triggers of atopic dermatitis (AD), adherence to medical recommendations, disease control, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) from the patient's perspective. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a multicenter, cross-sectional, epidemiological study with the participation of adults (age >16 years; n=125) and children (age, 2-15 years, n=116). Patients had a history of at least 12 months of moderate to severe AD with a moderate to severe flare (Investigator Global Assessment score>2) at the time of recruitment. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate relationships between disease severity, determined according to the Scoring in Atopic Dermatitis index, and triggers reported by patients, adherence to recommendations and pharmacological therapy, HRQOL, and patient-perceived control. RESULTS: The most common triggers were cosmetic products, clothing, mites, detergents/soaps, and changes in temperature. In 47.2% of adults and 39.7% of children, pharmacological therapy was not initiated at flare onset. Adherence was highest to pharmacological therapy, skin moisturizing, and medical care recommendations. Disease control was considered insufficient by 41.6% of adults and 27. 6% of pediatric patients and, in adults, this was associated with the severity of AD (P=.014). CONCLUSIONS: The therapeutic control of AD is susceptible to improvement, especially in adults. Although patients state that they follow medical recommendations, a significant percentage of patients do not apply recommended treatments correctly. Better education about the disease and its management would appear to be necessary to improve disease control and HRQOL.


Assuntos
Dermatite Atópica/etiologia , Dermatite Atópica/terapia , Cooperação do Paciente , Qualidade de Vida , Adolescente , Adulto , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto Jovem
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